Long Noncoding RNAs in Plants

Plants have an extraordinary diversity of transcription machineries, including five nuclear DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Four these enzymes are dedicated to the production long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which ribonucleic acids with functions independent their protein-coding potential. lncRNAs display a broad range lengths and structures, but they distinct from small guides interference (RNAi) pathways. frequently serve as structural, catalytic, or regulatory molecules for gene expression. They can affect all elements genes, promoters, untranslated regions, exons, introns, terminators, controlling expression at various levels, modifying chromatin accessibility, transcription, splicing, translation. Certain protect genome integrity, while others respond environmental cues like temperature, drought, nutrients, pathogens. In this review, we explain challenge defining lncRNAs, introduce machineries responsible production, organize knowledge by viewing throughout structure typical plant gene.